West and Central Africa

2022 Population planning figures

• Refugees: 622,000
• IDPs: 580,000
• Other people of concern: 250,000

2022 Situation overview

While tensions in Central African Republic (CAR) persist, opportunities for solutions still exist. After forcing more than 200,000 Central Africans to flee within the country and throughout the region, the violence that erupted in December 2020 abated and the security situation improved in certain areas, allowing UNHCR to resume voluntary returns in October 2021. In 2022, UNHCR will continue to facilitate safe and orderly repatriation while providing support in vital areas such as protection, shelter, education and livelihoods to meet the most urgent needs of displaced Central Africans.

The CAR situation remains one of the most protracted and many refugees may remain in host countries for the near future. Expanding local opportunities and enhancing self-reliance as a precursor to solutions remains critical. UNHCR has called on the international community to find ways to respond to the growing needs of refugees and their host communities. Towards this goal, UNHCR will support the launch of a CAR support platform to mobilize political, technical and financial support from all relevant stakeholders at local, regional and global level towards achieving solutions for displaced populations in the CAR and neighbouring countries.

2022 Population planning figures

• Total people of concern: 100,000
• Refugees and hosts in Chad: 60,000
• IDPs and hosts in Cameroon: 40,000

2022 Situation overview

The end of 2021 has seen growing tensions between herders, farmers and fishermen in Cameroon’s Far North region which culminated in an outbreak of violence which forced thousands to flee in December 2021. By February 2022, UNHCR had registered over 43,000 Cameroonians who sought refuge in neighboring Chad where registration continues, while around 36,000 people were still internally displaced within Cameroon. This conflict is a result of growing communal tensions around the Lake Chad Basin which has lost over 90 percent of its water surface. Grappling with immense challenges including endemic poverty, weak public services and the climate crisis, the under-served areas face increasing environmental degradation, further fueling food insecurity and competition over scarce resources.

Clashes broke out on 5 December 2021 in the village of Ouloumsa, Far North Cameroon over water resources that have become scarcer as a result of the climate crisis. Violence quickly spread to neighbouring villages before reaching Kousseri, the administrative centre and main commercial hub of Logone and Chari division, on 8 December 2021.  The fighting resulted in 44 people killed, 111 injured and 112 villages burned to ashes. The inter-communal clashes first occurred in August 2021 and displaced some 23,000 people across Cameroon and Chad. The repatriation of the 8,500 refugees who had remained in Chad was at an advanced stage of discussion between the two countries when the new clashes broke out.

With the root cause of the conflict still to be addressed, the situation remains volatile in the Far North Cameroon region and the conditions in the area are not conducive for the safe and dignified voluntary return of the populations displaced. UNHCR is scaling up its assistance to affected populations in Chad and Cameroon in coordination with national authorities and partners. UNHCR’s operations in the two countries are focusing on ensuring access to basic services such as health, education, and water, sanitation and hygiene while addressing the most urgent protection needs. Considering the high numbers of women, children and persons with specific needs, child protection, gender-based violence prevention and response, and education will be central to UNHCR’s protection activities. As most refugees and IDPs lost their identity documents, registration and documentation are also urgently needed. In line with its community-based approach, UNHCR will strengthen community structures and build capacities within refugee, IDP and host populations to empower them and include them in the programming and delivery of the humanitarian response. In both Cameroon and Chad, all these activities will be carried out both in planned sites and via the out-of-camp approach.

2022 Population planning figures

• Refugees: 1 million
• IDPs: 3 million
• Other people of concern: 569,000

2022 Situation overview

Forced displacement is at an unprecedented high, with over 4 million refugees and internally displaced people across the region, increasingly concentrated around urban centres, creating additional strain on land availability, housing, public services and livelihoods. As conflict and violence shows no sign of abating in the Sahel, more families are expected to flee their homes in 2022.

In this extremely difficult and volatile context, UNHCR will launch a revised strategy in 2022 to structure its response in the Sahel. UNHCR will continue to support the emergency response with a focus on provision of shelter and core relief items, education, and climate action, as well prevention of and response to gender-based violence. As the conflict continues to expand southwards with an impact on coastal countries, UNHCR will also sustain its support to these countries in their emergency preparedness and contingency planning.

To seek solutions and better address the deep-seated and intertwined root causes of the regional crisis, UNHCR will also ensure that the humanitarian response is complemented by more long-term interventions. Launched to implement the conclusions of the Bamako Declaration of 2019, and bringing together the Governments of Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania and Niger as well as key humanitarian, development and peace actors, the Bamako process will play a key role in this coordination effort.